Production Logging of Multiphase Flow in Horizontal Wells
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Exercises
1. Slotted liners can be very difficult to log in the horizontal environment since:
- The flow may vary because there are no slots at the collars.
- Independent flows may occur in the annulus outside of the liner.
- The liner inclination and open borehole inclination may not coincide.
- The tools can hang up in the slots.
2. In a well that is deviated in excess of ninety degrees, which one of the following is not generally true if three phases are being produced?
- The heel of the well will have a high water holdup.
- The toe (TD) of the well will have a high gas holdup.
- Debris will accumulate at the toe.
- Debris will accumulate at the heel.
3. Which of the following logging techniques would be best for a production logging job in a producing open hole horizontal completion?
- Coiled tubing.
- Tractor.
- Conventional Wireline.
- Pump down.
4. The following Fluid Identification Device is not useful in a horizontal well:
- FloView
- Nuclear Fluid Density
- Gradiomanometer
5. The Gas Holdup Tool, GHT, from Halliburton:
- Will detect an increase in gamma ray counts in the presence of gas.
- Will detect a decrease in gamma ray counts in the presence of gas.
- Measures backscattered gamma rays.
- Works at any deviation angle.
6. The Phase Velocity Log, PVL, from Schlumberger does not:
- Use the RST on the Flagship tool string.
- Eject radioactive tracers into the well for fluid flow measurement.
- Eject either water or oil containing a high capture cross section element.
- Measure the velocity of each phase.
7. Schlumberger’s FloView Plus does not:
- Utilize four resistivity probes on each of its sondes.
- Locate the water –hydrocarbon contact.
- Discriminate water, oil, and gas.
- Stagger one sonde 45 degrees relative to the other to assure complete coverage.
8. Oxygen Activation tools
- Use a chemical Cobalt radioactive source.
- Are used to measure hydrocarbon flow.
- Are used to measure water flow.
- Are frequently used for horizontal well holdup measurements.
9. Which of the following tools is most useful on a production logging string in a conventionally completed and clean horizontal well?
- Focused Nuclear Fluid Density Tool
- Capacitance Holdup Meter
- Full Bore Spinner
- Diverter Flowmeter
Assessment
1. Halliburton’s ‘Hydro Tool’ uses _ measurements to distinguish water from hydrocarbons.
A .magnetic field
B .dielectric
C .gamma
2. Multiphase flow rates in horizontal wells can accurately be measured by:
A .the spinner tool
B .the nuclear tag tool
C .the activated oxygen technique
D .the phase velocity log
E .no tool is completely effective by itself
3. Which of these statements about horizontal wells is TRUE?
A .No well is ever completely and uniformly horizontal, except over the course of short intervals.
B .Slight changes in a horizontal well’s inclination angle are generally insignificant from a production logging perspective.
C .The term conventional completion is used to describe slotted liner and pre-packed gravel pack completions.
4. The gradiomanometer uses differential pressure transducers to define:
A .Fluid viscosity
B .Hydrostatic head
C .Fluid density
D .Fluid velocity
5. With respect to log response, temperature logging tools tend to be _ in horizontal wells than they are in vertical wells.
A .more effective
B .less effective
C .equally as effective
6. What is the critical well angle beyond which wireline tools could no longer be pulled to total depth by gravity.
A .15o
B .25o
C .45o
D .60o
E .90o
7. In what type of flow regimes are spinner flowmeters most likely to be effective?
A .Single phase
B .Stratified
C .Both (A) and (B)
8. The special equipment and technique that has been developed to run logging tools through horizontal or highly deviated boreholes is(are):
A .Pump down technique
B .Coiled tubing technique
C .Tractor technique
D .Parallel hole technique
E .A, B and C
F .A, B, C and D
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